Greek Mythology
“Myth has two main functions,” the poet and scholar
Robert Graves wrote in 1955. “The first is to answer the sort of awkward
questions that children ask, such as ‘Who made the world? How will it end? Who
was the first man? Where do souls go after death?’…The second function of myth
is to justify an existing social system and account for traditional rites and
customs.” In ancient Greece, stories about gods and goddesses and heroes and
monsters were an important part of everyday life. They explained everything
from religious rituals to the weather, and they gave meaning to the world
people saw around them.
Greek Mythology:
Sources
(…) The poet Homer’s 8th-century BC epics the Iliad and the Odyssey, for
example, tell the story of the (mythical) Trojan War as a divine conflict as
well as a human one. They do not, however, bother to introduce the gods and goddesses
who are their main characters, since readers and listeners would already have
been familiar with them.
Did you know? Many consumer
products get their names from Greek mythology. Nike sneakers are the namesake
of the goddess of victory, for example, and the website Amazon.com is named
after the race of mythical female warriors. Many high school, college and
professional sports teams (Titans, Spartans and Trojans, for instance) also get
their names from mythological sources.
Around 700 BC, the poet Hesiod’s Theogony offered the
first written cosmogony, or origin story, of Greek mythology. The Theogony
tells the story of the universe’s journey from nothingness (Chaos, a primeval
void) to being, and details an elaborate family tree of elements, gods and goddesses
who evolved from Chaos and descended from Gaia (Earth), Ouranos (Sky), Pontos
(Sea) and Tartaros (the Underworld). (…)
Greek Mythology:
The Olympians
The twelve main Olympians are:
·
Zeus (Jupiter,
in Roman mythology): the king of all the gods (and father to many) and god of
weather, law and fate
·
Hera (Juno): the
queen of the gods and goddess of women and marriage
·
Aphrodite
(Venus): goddess of beauty and love
·
Apollo (Apollo):
god of prophesy, music and poetry and knowledge
·
Ares (Mars): god of war
·
Artemis (Diana):
goddess of hunting, animals and childbirth
·
Athena
(Minerva): goddess of wisdom and defense
·
Demeter (Ceres):
goddess of agriculture and grain
·
Dionysus (Bacchus):
god of wine, pleasure and festivity
·
Hephaestus (Vulcan):
god of fire, metalworking and sculpture
·
Hermes
(Mercury): god of travel, hospitality and trade and Zeus’s personal messenger
·
Poseidon
(Neptune): god of the sea
Other gods and goddesses sometimes included in the roster of Olympians are:
·
Hades (Pluto):
god of the underworld
·
Hestia (Vesta):
goddess of home and family
·
Eros (Cupid):
god of sex and minion to Aphrodite
Greek Mythology:
Heroes and Monsters
Greek mythology does not just tell the stories of gods
and goddesses, however. Human heroes—such as:
Heracles, the
adventurer who performed 12 impossible labors for King Eurystheus (and was
subsequently worshipped as a god for his accomplishment);
Pandora, the first woman, whose curiosity brought evil
to mankind; Pygmalion, the king who fell in love with an ivory statue;
Arachne, the weaver who was turned into a spider for
her arrogance; handsome Trojan prince Ganymede who became the cupbearer for the
gods;
Midas, the king with the golden touch; and Narcissus,
the young man who fell in love with his own reflection—are just as
significant.
Monsters and “hybrids” (human-animal forms) also
feature prominently in the tales: the winged horse Pegasus, the horse-man
Centaur, the lion-woman Sphinx and the bird-woman Harpies, the one-eyed giant
Cyclops, automatons (metal creatures given life by Hephaestus), manticores
and unicorns, Gorgons, pygmies, minotaurs, satyrs and dragons of all sorts.
Many of these creatures have become almost as well known as the gods, goddesses
and heroes who share their stories.
Greek Mythology:
Past and Present
The characters, stories, themes and lessons of Greek
mythology have shaped art and literature for thousands of years (…) and scores
of more recent novels, plays and films.
https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/greek-mythology
Projeto interdisciplinar:
Lê
o texto apresentado que pode ser trabalhado na disciplina de Inglês, História,
Português e Educação Visual.
Inglês:
História:
Recordo-te o extrato:
1.
“Myth
has two main functions,” the poet and scholar Robert Graves wrote in 1955. “The
first is to answer the sort of awkward questions that children ask, such as
‘Who made the world? How will it end? Who was the first man? Where do souls go
after death?’…The second function of myth is to justify an existing social
system and account for traditional rites and customs.” (…) “ In ancient Greece,
stories about gods and goddesses and heroes and monsters were an important part
of everyday life. They explained everything from religious rituals to the
weather, and they gave meaning to the world people saw around them”.
- Depois de leres, novamente o texto apresentado, diz por que razão os
gregos tinham deuses e heróis?
2. (…) “The poet Homer’s
8th-century BC epics the Iliad and the Odyssey, for example, tell the story of
the (mythical) Trojan War as a divine conflict as well as a human one. They do
not, however, bother to introduce the gods and goddesses who are their main
characters, since readers and listeners would already have been familiar with
them. (…)
Around 700 BC, the poet Hesiod’s
Theogony offered the first written cosmogony, or origin story, of Greek
mythology”
- Sublinha no texto o nome dos poetas que
falaram primeiro nos deuses aos gregos.
3. “The
Theogony tells the story of the universe’s journey from nothingness (Chaos, a
primeval void) to being, and details an elaborate family tree of elements, gods
and goddesses who evolved from Chaos and descended from Gaia (Earth), Ouranos
(Sky), Pontos (Sea) and Tartaros (the Underworld)”
- Explica
por palavras tuas, o que é uma teogonia.
4. “Did you know?
Many consumer products get their names from Greek mythology. Nike sneakers are
the namesake of the goddess of victory, for example, and the website Amazon.com
is named after the race of mythical female warriors. Many high school, college
and professional sports teams (Titans, Spartans and Trojans, for instance) also
get their names from mythological sources”.
-Indica o nome de marcas e
equipas desportivas que usam nomes retirados à mitologia grega.
5-
A
partir da árvore dos deuses, escreve o
nome dos pais de Zeus e também o nome
dos filhos que teve.
6. Completa os espaços em branco da seguinte grelha:
|
Nome
do deus |
Atributo |
Figura |
|
|
Pai dos deuses, do tempo e
das trovoadas |
 |
|
|
Mãe dos deuses, deusa
do casamento e esposa de Zeus |
 |
|
Afrodite |
|
 |
|
|
Deus do amor, da música,
da poesia e do conhecimento |
 |
|
|
Deus da guerra bruta |
 |
|
|
Deusa da sabedoria e da
guerra estratégica |
 |
|
Deméter |
|
 |
|
|
Deus do vinho, da alegria
e da festa |
 |
|
|
Deus do fogo, dos metalúrgicos
e da escultura |
 |
|
|
Mensageiro de Zeus, Deus
dos comerciantes |
 |
|
Poseidon |
|
 |
|
|
Deus do submundo |
 |
|
Héstia |
|
 |
|
Eros |
|
 |
Português :
Redige um texto no qual incluas
alguns dos deuses da mitologia grega.
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